TRANSLATE:
Evironment Index:
- Environment Index
- Human Population
- Pretty Blue Planet
- Photovoltaic Plants
- Solar Thermal Plants
- Wind Power
- Optimal Glazing
- Genetic Engineering
- Potato Juice Disposal
- Waste Water Treatment
- Meristem Program
Energy in Denmark:
Starch in Denmark:
2007 Denmark had approximately 1,500 installations with total 3 MWp installed capacity and an output of 2 mio. kWh per year
The advantage of photoelecric panels to thermal collectors is the permanent outlet to the grid of all excessive electricity turning the electricity meter backwards with full savings on tax and VAT and that government encourages the installation with a 40% subsidy. The photoelectic panels are maintenace-free - which all in all make them more attractive to the domestic user than thermal collectors. A share of a wind power plant at sea is, however, even more attractive.
1997
a "Solar Village" with 30 photovoltaic plants of 1 - 3 kW each were
installed on houses in Brĉdstrup, Denmark. In 1999 additional 300
houses in Denmark are equipped with a total of 750 kW panels in
large scale test. In 2003 a third project is launched - SUN1000
- with a total capacity of one MWp. Crystalline cells
absorbing 10-20% of incoming sunlight are used. On a sunny day with
a sun radiation of 1 kW per m2 the output is 100 - 200
W per m2. In Denmark the sun shines 1600 - 1800 hours a year and the total incoming sun light is per year app. 1,000 kWh/m2 horizontal and 1,200 kWh/m2 on panels angled 42 degrees. As a rule of thumb a 10 m2 panel has the capacity of one kWp max. effect, yields 1000 kWh a year and costs 60,000 DKK ~ 10,000 USD.
2004:
EnergiMidt A/S has been contracted to install 32 pcs. BP 5170S á 170
Wp (Total: 41m2; 5,44 kWp) plus 2 pcs. Fronius inverters
type "Sunrise Maxi with ENS". Installation is made by BP Solar during
September 2004. Total cost is 275.000 DKK. Our share is 165.000,00 DKK
and the Danish State takes care of the rest. Yield is supposed to be 100 kWh annual per m2
~ 4,000-4,500 kWh/year. The profit
is tax-free. Profit does not match that of windmills (14% p.a. tax-free),
but increasing price of electricity will narrow the gab. (The panels
were replaced by BP Solar October 2007 with type BP4165N due to faulty
electrical insulation on BP5170S. Pmax for BP4165N is 165 Wp)
The investment of 275,000 DKK is 65 DKK/kWh annual output.(Compare to 3.1 DKK/kWh annual output from a wind turbine or 10 DKK/kWh annual output from thermal collectors)
The capacity of solar energy plants is stated as Wp (Watt-peak) when exposed to 1000 W/m2 of sun rays at 25 oC.
|
Orientation
Inclination |
West |
W-SW |
S-SW |
South |
S-SE |
E-SE |
East |
|
0° |
86 |
86 |
86 |
86 |
86 |
86 |
86 |
|
15° |
84 |
89 |
93 |
94 99 100 97 |
93 |
90 |
85 |
|
30° |
81 |
90 |
97 |
97 |
91 |
82 |
|
|
45° |
77 |
89 |
97 |
98 |
90 |
79 |
|
|
60° |
72 |
85 |
93 |
94 |
86 |
73 |
|
|
75° |
65 |
77 |
86 |
89 |
86 |
78 |
66 |
|
90° |
57 |
67 |
75 |
77 |
75 |
68 |
58 |
Electricity produced by a 1 kWp panel oriented
south and inclined 45o.
